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1020 is one of the very commonly used plain carbon steels. It has a nominal carbon content of 0.20% with approximately 0.50% manganese. It is a good combination of strength and ductility and may be hardened or carburized.
Applications
1020 steel is used for simple structural application such as cold headed bolts. It is often used in the case hardened condition.
Machinability
Machinability is good at 65% compared to 1112 carbon steel as 100% baseline.
Forming
Formability is good by all conventional methods as the ductility of 1020 is good.
Welding
Readily weldable by all of the standard methods.
Heat Treatment
1020 may be hardened by heating to 1500 - 1600 F and then water quenching. It should then be tempered. More often it is used as case hardened by carburizing . The cost of doing any heat treatment to such a low carbon steel often precludes doing so for the modest return in mechanical properties obtained.
Forging
Forge at 2300 down to 1800 F.
Hot Working
Hot work in the range of 900 to 1200 F.
Cold Working
1020 steel is readily cold worked by all conventional methods. A stress relief anneal may be needed after extensive cold work.
Annealing
A full anneal is done at 1600 to 1800 F followed by slow furnace cooling. This will give a tensile strength of about 65 ksi. A stress relief anneal may be done at 1000 F.
Aging
Not applicable.
Tempering
Temper, following heat treatment and quenching, at 600 to 1000 F depending upon strength level desired. A 1000 F temper gives a tensile strength of 90 ksi.
Hardening
1020 steel hardens by cold working an by heat treatment, quenching and tempering.
Physical Data
Density (lb / cu. in.)
0.284
Specific Gravity
7.86
Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])
0.107
Melting Point (Deg F)
2760
Poissons Ratio
0.3
Thermal Conductivity
360
Mean Coeff Thermal Expansion
6.7
Modulus of Elasticity Tension
30
Modulus of Elasticity Torsion
11
Mechanical Data
Form
Round Bar
Condition
Cold Drawn
Temper
68
Tensile Strength
64
Yield Strength
54
Elongation
24
Reduction of Area
54
Rockwell
B79
Brinnell
126
Form
Round Bar
Condition
Hot Rolled
Temper
68
Tensile Strength
55
Yield Strength
30
Elongation
25
Reduction of Area
50
Rockwell
B76
Brinnell
137
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