Alloy Steels 4340 is stocked by 84 North American distributors and produced by 43 large mills. Distributors will offer small quantity buys while mills will generally only sell large quantities, with delivery times anywhere from 10 to 50 weeks depending on size and form required
This material is stocked primarily in Bar Products by 63 distributors but is also available to a lesser extent in Flat Rolled Products, Forging Products, Tubular Products, Wire Products, Fasteners, Piping Components, and Structurals.
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Specifications
The following specifications cover Alloy Steels 4340
- AISI 4340
- AMS 6359
- AMS 6409
- AMS 6414
- AMS 6415
- AMS 6454
- ASTM A29 (4340)
- ASTM A320 (L43)
- ASTM A322 (4340)
- ASTM A331 (4340)
- ASTM A506 (4340)
- ASTM A519 (4340)
- ASTM A646 (4340-7)
- ASTM A711
- ASTM A752 (4340)
- ASTM A829
- MIL S-5000
- SAE J1397 (4340)
- SAE J404 (4340)
- SAE J412 (4340)
- UNS G43400
Property Results
Chemistry Data : [top]
Carbon
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0.38 - 0.43 |
Chromium
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0.7 - 0.9 |
Iron
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Balance |
Manganese
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0.6 - 0.8 |
Molybdenum
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0.2 - 0.3 |
Nickel
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1.65 - 2 |
Phosphorus
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0.035 max |
Silicon
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0.15 - 0.3 |
Sulphur
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0.04 max |
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Principal Design Features
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AISI 4340 is a heat treatable, low alloy steel containing nickel, chromium and molybdenum. It is known for its toughness and capability of developing high strength in the heat treated condition while retaining good fatigue strength.
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Applications
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Typical applications are for structural use, such as aircraft landing gear, power transmission gears and shafts and other structural parts.
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Machinability
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Machining is best done with this alloy in the annealed or normalized and tempered condition. It can be machined by all conventional methods. However in the high strength conditions of 200 ksi or greater the machinability is only from 25% to 10% that of the alloy in the annealed condition.
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Forming
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4340 has good ductility in the annealed condition and most forming operations are carried out in that condition. It can be bent or formed by spinning or pressing in the annealed state. Bend radii should be 3t or greater.
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Welding
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The alloy can be fusion or resistance welded. Preheat and post heat weld procedures should be followed when welding this alloy by established methods.
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Heat Treatment
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Heat treatment for strengthening is done at 1525 F followed by an oil quench. For high strength (over 200 ksi) the alloy should first be normalized at 1650 F prior to heat treatment. See "Tempering" for strength levels.
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Forging
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Forging may be done in the range of 2250 F max. down to 1800 F.
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Hot Working
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4340 has very good cold forming capability so that hot working should not be needed. Hot working in any but the annealed condition can affect the strength level. Consult the alloy supplier in regard to hot working.
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Cold Working
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The 4340 alloy may be cold worked, in the annealed condition, by conventional methods and tooling. It has good ductility.
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Annealing
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A full anneal may be done at 1550 F followed by controlled (furnace) cooling at a rate not faster than 50 F per hour down to 600 F. From 600 F it may be air cooled.
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Aging
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Not applicable to this alloy.
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Tempering
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The temperature for tempering depends upon the strength level desired. Before tempering the alloy should be in the heat treated or normalized & heat treated condition - see "Heat Treatment". For strength levels in the 260 - 280 ksi range temper at 450 F. For strength in the 125 - 200 ksi range temper at 950 F. Do NOT temper the alloy if it is in the 220 - 260 ksi strength range as tempering can result in degradation of impact resistance for this level of strength.
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Hardening
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The alloy will harden by cold working or by heat treatment -- see "Heat Treatment" and "Tempering".
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Other Comments
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AISI 4340 is considered to be a "through hardening" steel such that large section sizes can still be heat treated to high strength.
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Physical Data : [top]
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Density (lb / cu. in.)
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0.28
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Specific Gravity
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7.8
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Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])
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0.116
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Melting Point (Deg F)
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2600
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Thermal Conductivity
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21
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Mean Coeff Thermal Expansion
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6.6
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Modulus of Elasticity Tension
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33
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Mechanical Data : [top]
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MSO currently has no data available for this grade.
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Videos :
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MSO currently has no videos available for this grade.
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Disclaimer
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