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Carbon		0.9 - 1.03
Iron		Balance
Manganese		0.3 - 0.5
Phosphorus		0.04 max
Sulphur		0.05 max

Principal Design Features		This is a high carbon alloy of the plain carbon steel family. It is intended for high hardness and strength, but also tends to be brittle.

Applications		Typically used for springs or cutting tools requiring sharp cutting edges such as grass or grain cutting tools.

Machinability		Machinability is relatively poor for 1095 alloy. It rates at 45% that of 1112 steel which is used as a 100% machinable reference.

Forming		Forming may be accomplished by conventional methods. However 1095 is more difficult to form and requires greater force to do so than for the lower carbon steels.

Welding		1095 may be welded by all of the welding methods. It is important to pre-heat at 500 to 600 F and post-heat the weldment at 1200 to 1450 F.

Heat Treatment		The steel may be hardened by heating to 1650 F and quenching in oil. This should be followed by a tempering heat treatment. For cutting tools it is common practice to harden only the cutting edge by induction heating and quenching so as to retain the toughness of the steel behind the hardened edge.

Forging		Forging may be done at 2150 F down to 1750 F. Before forging the steel should be given a full anneal at 1650 F and slow cool so as to homogenize the alloy prior to forging.

Hot Working		Hot working may be done in the 900 to 200 F range.

Cold Working		The alloy can be cold worked, but requires more force than the lower carbons steels in so doing.

Annealing		Anneal at 1650 F and slow cool in the furnace.

Aging		Not applicable.

Tempering		Temper at 700 to 1300 F. This steel is capable of a Rockwell C 55 hardness at the lower tempering temperature.

Hardening		Hardens by cold work or heat treatment. See "Heat Treatment" and "Tempering".

Physical Data : [top]

Density (lb / cu. in.)	0.284
Specific Gravity	7.86
Specific Heat (Btu/lb/Deg F - [32-212 Deg F])	0.107
Melting Point (Deg F)	2760
Poissons Ratio	0.3
Thermal Conductivity	350
Mean Coeff Thermal Expansion	6.7
Modulus of Elasticity Tension	30
Modulus of Elasticity Torsion	11

Form		Round Bar
Condition		Hot Rolled
Temper		68
Tensile Strength		139
Yield Strength		84
Elongation		97
Reduction of Area		18
Rockwell		C31
Brinnell		293